漸 jianˋ jian ˉ

(Gradual, Imbue, Little by, Permeate, Soak)

Gradual, Little by little, (Jian1), Soak, Permeate, Imbue

被世族壟斷

beiˋ shiˋ zuˊ longˇ duanˋ

(Monopolized)

Monopolized or controlled by the aristocracy

被世族壟斷之弊

beiˋ shiˋ zuˊ longˇ duanˋ zhiˉ biˋ

(Corrupted)

Corrupted through monopolization by the aristocracy

世族 shiˋ zuˊ

(Aristocrat, Aristocratic, Aristocrats, Lineage)

Lineage, Aristocrats, Aristocratic, Aristocrat

壟斷 longˇ duanˋ

(Monopolize, Monopoly)

Monopoly, Monopolize

漸

Gradual, Imbue, Little by, Permeate, Soak

Gradual, Little by little, (Jian1), Soak, Permeate, Imbue

被

Acted, Affected by, Because of, Blanket, Compelled, Cover, Due to, Forced, Passive, Quilt, Suffer, Wear

Suffer, Affected by, Forced, Acted on, Because Of, Due to, Compelled, Passive, Cover, Quilt, Blanket, Wear

世

Age, Era, Generation, Lifetime, World

Lifetime, World, Generation, Age, Era

族

Clan, Classification, Ethnicity, Family, Grouping, Nationality, Race, Tribe

Tribe, Clan, Family, Race, Ethnicity, Nationality, Grouping, Classification

壟

Grave, Monopolize, Mound, Ridge

Grave, Mound, Ridge in a field, Monopolize

斷

Break off, Cut, Decide, Define, Disconnect, Interrupt, Judge, Resolve, Sever

Resolve, Disconnect, Break off, Cut, Interrupt, Sever, Define, Decide, Judge

之

Arrive, Go, Her, Him, Leave, Them

Arrive, Go, Leave, Them, Him, Her

弊

Bad, Corrupt, Detrimental, Dishonest, Harmful

Corrupt, Bad, Dishonest, Detrimental, Harmful